Peaceful Portugal bring you some helpful tips and facts for maintaing your garden, land and small holding in Central Portugal

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> Activity Holidays				Cork trees are the only protected tree in the Iberian peninsula. National and regional laws in Spain and Portugal forbid the cutting or digging out of cork trees. Authorization to do so is rarely given, except when trees are dead or diseased. The government has brought in harvesting regulations. Bark stripping is allowed every 9 years, the required height of a tree before it can be stripped is 1.2 metres, with a width of 70 centimetres.
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> Grey Water			No more than 50% of the bark is removed. The tree should then be marked with the last number of the year it was harvested so it will not be touched again for nine years. Cork trees have a life span of 300-400 years
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> Compost			Source of information - National Wildlife Federation www.nwf.org
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> Site Map				Between June and September forest fires are often seen in central Portugal. To help reduce risk to your home its advised that you keep clear a 50 metre perimeter around your property.
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			Take care when visiting or driving through woodland never discard an unextinguished cigarette do not light barbecues do not leave rubbish or empty bottles behind
			If you see the on-set of a forest fire, please call the Emergency services on 112 or Forest Fire services on 117
			Proteja a sua casa - Protect your home
			Portugal sem fogos depende de todos - Portugal without fires depends on us all
			Maintain a paved area of 1 to 2 meters around your house Reduce tree height to 4 meters and clear 4 meters between each tree Remove trees and shrubs that are less than 5 metres from your house Regularly strim and clear a 50 meter perimiter around your house Regularly strim and clear a 50 meter perimiter around all outbuildings Store unused gas bottles and other flamable substances in an isolated store 50 meters from your house Store unused firewood 50 meters from your house
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			The facts about ´grey water´ and how to use it safely in your garden
			Click here for the grey water fact sheet provided by HTA in association with RHS
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			Herb	Companion	Pests Repelled
			Basil	Asparagus & Tomatoes	Flies, Mosquitoes, attracts bees
			Borage	Squash, Strawberry & Tomato	Tomato worm, attracts bees
			Catnip	Plant in borders	Flea beetle, attracts bees
			Chive	Apple trees, Carrot & Rose	Aphid, apple scab
			Coriander	Anise	Most insects
			Dill	Cabbage	Most insects
			Garlic	Fruit trees, raspberry & Rose	Aphid, blight, Japanese beetle, tree borer
			Horseraddish	Potato	Potato bug
			Mint	Cabbage & Tomato	Ants, aphids, cabbage maggot, attracts bees
			Oregano	Cabbage	Most insects
			Marigold	Most crops	Tomato worm and most insects
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			Vegetable	Companion	Dislikes
			Asparagus	Tomato
			Beans	Carrot & corn	Beet, cabbage, onion, sunflower
			Cabbage family	Beet, celery, cucumber, lettuce, onion, potato, tomato	Pole bean, strawberry
			Carrot	Bean, lettuce, leek, onion, pea, radish, tomato
			Celery	Bean, cabbage, coliflower, leek, tomato
			Corn	Beet, bean, early potato, pea
			Cucumber	Bean, cabbage, corn, lettuce, pea, radish, sunflower	Potato
			Eggplant	Bean, pea, potato
			Leek	Beet, bean, carrot,celery, onion
			Lettuce	Carrot, radish, cabbage, cucumber, onion, spinach, strawberry
			Onion	Beet, cabbage, carrot, lettuce, leek, strawberry, tomato
			Parsnip	Radish
			Pea	Bean, carrot, corn, cucumber, potato, eggplant, radish, spinach, strawberry, pepper
			Potato	Bean, cabbage, corn, eggplant, pea	Cucumber, pumpkin, raspberry, squash, sunflower
			Pumpkin	Corn, radish	Potato
			Radish	Beet, bean, carrot, lettuce, parsnip, pea, spinach
			Spinach	Lettuce, pea, radish, strawberry
			Squash	Corn	Potato
			Sweet Pepper	Pea
			Tomato	Asparagus, cabbage, celery, onion	Apricot trees, potato
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			Basil	Manjericão	Marjoram	Manjerona
			Bay Leaves	Louro	Mint	Hortelã
			Caraway	Erva Doce	Nutmeg	Noz-Moscada
			Cayenne	Pimenta-de-caiena	Paprika	Pimentão-Doce
			Chile	Prir piri	Parsley	Salsa
			Chives	Cebolinha	Rosemary	Alecrim
			Cinnamon	Canela	Saffrom	Açafrão
			Cloves	Cravo	Sage	Salva
			Coriander	Coentro	Tarragon	Estragão
			Cumin	Cuminho	Thyme	Tomilho
			Curry	Caril	Turmeric	Açafrão-da-India
			Dill	Endro	Vanilla	Baunilha
			Fennel	Funcho
			Garlic	Alho
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			Apple	Maça	Melon	Melão
			Apricot	Damasco	Orange	Laranja
			Avocado	Abacate	Peach	Pessego
			Blackberry	Amora Preta	Pear	Pêra
			Cherries	Cereijas	Pineapple	Abacaxi / Ananas
			Coconut	Coco	Plum	Ameixa
			Figs	Figos	Pumpkin	Abobora
			Grapefruit	Toranja	Raspberry	Framboesa
			Grapes	Uvus	Strawberry	Morango
			Lemon	Limão	Tangerine	Tangerina
			Watermelon	Melancia
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			Aubergine	Berinjela	Mushrooms	Cogumelos
			Beetroot	Beterraba	Onions	Cebola
			Cabbage	Courve	Peas	Ervilhas
			Carrots	Cenoura	Peppers	Pimenta
			Cucumber	Pepino	Potatoes	Batatas
			Garlic	Alho	Spinach	Espinafre
			Leak	Alho de Frances	Sweetcorn	Milho-doce
			Lettuce	Alface
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			Composting is natures way of recycling and helps reduce waste that you would normally put in the rubbish bin.  Composting kitchen and garden waste can improve your soil quality.
			Compost Bin Placement Site your compost bin in a full or partial sunny area, on level and well drained ground, which allows excess water to run off and give easy access for insects to get in and work their magic.
			What to Compost Just like any good recipe, you need the right ingredients make it work.  Greens are quick to rot and they provide important nitrogen and moisture. Vegetable peelings fruit waste teabags plant prunings grass cuttings Browns are slower to rot, providing carbon, fibre and air pockets. Cardboard egg boxes Scrunched up paper Leaves Crushed egg shells will also provide useful minerals.
			What not to Compost Some products should never be placed in your compost bin, otherwise they will attract unwanted pests. Cooked vegetables Meat and dairy products Diseased plants Dog poo or cat litter Perennial weeds
			Making Good Compost The key to good compost is getting the mix right.  Greens and Browns need to be balanced.  If your compost is too wet add more Browns, if your compost is too dry add more Greens.  Make sure there is enough air in the mix, add more egg boxes or scrunched up paper.  Air can also be added by mixing and turning. After approximately 6-9 months your compost will be ready.
			Source of information - Recyclenow
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			Pascoal	Medium sized garden centre, good stock of plants, pots, garden furniture and BBQ's, good prices
				Location: Avelar just off the IC8
			Castelo	Medium sized garden centre, large stocks of fruit trees
				Location: Castelo near Sertã just off the IC8
			Pombal	Large well stocked garden centre, near Pombal, abit expensive but lots of choice
				Location: near Pombal on the IC2 heading towards Leiria
			Sertã	Small independent garden centre, good stock of indoor and outdoor plants, excellent prices
				Location: just off the IC8 at Sertã junction
			Plurijardim	Medium sized well stocked garden centre, plants, pots, furniture and BBQ's
				Location: just off the Lousã bypass near Lidl
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				How to Identify and Manage Pine Wilt Disease Pine wilt is a disease of the pine tree and caused by the pinewood nematode. The pinewood nematode is carried to the pine trees by the Saywer Beetle when the beetles feed on the bark (primary transmission)and when the female beetle lays her eggs (secondary transmission). Nematodes introduced during primary transmission can reproduce rapidly in the sapwood and a susceptible host can wilt and die within weeks of being infested.
			Pine wilt disease was first described in 1905 in Japan, but the pinewood nematode was not identified as the cause until 1971. Pine wilt disease was first found in Portugal in 1999 and spread through the Setúbal region near Lisbon. The disease has a high mortality rate for pine species in Europe The nematode is a microscopic worm that rapidly reporoduces inside the tree blocking its sap route and essentially starving it to death. There are no cures for pine wilt disease so mangement is limited to prevention. All pine trees showing symptons should be felled immediately and the bark removed. Removing the bark from felled trees prevents the female Saywer Beetle from laying her eggs and transporting the nematode to nearby trees. Source of information and image: United States Department of Agriculture
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